List of Tables
    Table 1. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Market Size by Type (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
    Table 2. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Market Size by Application (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
    Table 3. Construction Equipment Transmission Market Size Comparison by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
    Table 4. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Table 5. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 6. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 7. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
    Table 8. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Construction Equipment Transmission as of 2021)
    Table 10. Global Market Construction Equipment Transmission Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 11. Manufacturers Construction Equipment Transmission Production Sites and Area Served
    Table 12. Manufacturers Construction Equipment Transmission Product Types
    Table 13. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
    Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
    Table 15. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 16. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 17. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 18. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 19. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 20. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 21. China Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 22. Japan Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 23. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Market by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Table 24. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 25. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Table 26. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Table 27. Asia Pacific Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Table 28. Latin America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Table 29. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 30. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 31. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 32. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 33. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 34. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Table 35. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 36. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 37. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 38. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 39. L&T Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 40. L&T Specification and Application
    Table 41. L&T Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 42. L&T Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 43. L&T Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 44. BEML Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 45. BEML Specification and Application
    Table 46. BEML Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 47. BEML Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 48. BEML Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 49. Mahindra Construction Equipment Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 50. Mahindra Construction Equipment Specification and Application
    Table 51. Mahindra Construction Equipment Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 52. Mahindra Construction Equipment Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 53. Mahindra Construction Equipment Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 54. Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 55. Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Specification and Application
    Table 56. Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 57. Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 58. Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 59. Escorts Group Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 60. Escorts Group Specification and Application
    Table 61. Escorts Group Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 62. Escorts Group Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 63. Escorts Group Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 64. ACE Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 65. ACE Specification and Application
    Table 66. ACE Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 67. ACE Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 68. ACE Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 69. Liebherr Group Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 70. Liebherr Group Specification and Application
    Table 71. Liebherr Group Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 72. Liebherr Group Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 73. Liebherr Group Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 74. Volvo CE Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 75. Volvo CE Specification and Application
    Table 76. Volvo CE Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 77. Volvo CE Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 78. Volvo CE Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 79. CNH Industrial NV Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 80. CNH Industrial NV Specification and Application
    Table 81. CNH Industrial NV Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 82. CNH Industrial NV Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 83. CNH Industrial NV Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 84. Wirtgen Group Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 85. Wirtgen Group Specification and Application
    Table 86. Wirtgen Group Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 87. Wirtgen Group Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 88. Wirtgen Group Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 89. Metso Oyj Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 90. Metso Oyj Specification and Application
    Table 91. Metso Oyj Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 92. Metso Oyj Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 93. Metso Oyj Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 94. Atlas Copco Group Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 95. Atlas Copco Group Specification and Application
    Table 96. Atlas Copco Group Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 97. Atlas Copco Group Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 98. Atlas Copco Group Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 99. Manitou Group Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 100. Manitou Group Specification and Application
    Table 101. Manitou Group Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 102. Manitou Group Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 103. Manitou Group Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 104. Wacker Neuson SE Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 105. Wacker Neuson SE Specification and Application
    Table 106. Wacker Neuson SE Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 107. Wacker Neuson SE Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 108. Wacker Neuson SE Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 109. Wacker Neuson SE Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 110. Fayat Group Specification and Application
    Table 111. Fayat Group Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 112. Fayat Group Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 113. Fayat Group Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 114. Sandvik Group Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 115. Sandvik Group Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 116. Sandvik Group Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 117. Sandvik Group Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 118. Pon Equipment AB Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 119. Pon Equipment AB Specification and Application
    Table 120. Pon Equipment AB Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 121. Pon Equipment AB Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 122. Pon Equipment AB Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 123. Hyundai Construction Equipment Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 124. Hyundai Construction Equipment Specification and Application
    Table 125. Hyundai Construction Equipment Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 126. Hyundai Construction Equipment Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 127. Hyundai Construction Equipment Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 128. Caterpillar Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 129. Caterpillar Specification and Application
    Table 130. Caterpillar Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 131. Caterpillar Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 132. Caterpillar Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 133. Komatsu Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 134. Komatsu Specification and Application
    Table 135. Komatsu Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 136. Komatsu Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 137. Komatsu Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 138. Doosan InfracoreHitachi Construction Machinery Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 139. Doosan InfracoreHitachi Construction Machinery Specification and Application
    Table 140. Doosan InfracoreHitachi Construction Machinery Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 141. Doosan InfracoreHitachi Construction Machinery Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 142. Doosan InfracoreHitachi Construction Machinery Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 143. J.C. Bamford Excavators Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 144. J.C. Bamford Excavators Specification and Application
    Table 145. J.C. Bamford Excavators Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 146. J.C. Bamford Excavators Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 147. J.C. Bamford Excavators Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 148. John Deere Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 149. John Deere Specification and Application
    Table 150. John Deere Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 151. John Deere Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 152. John Deere Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 153. Yanmar Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 154. Yanmar Specification and Application
    Table 155. Yanmar Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 156. Yanmar Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 157. Yanmar Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 158. Deutz Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 159. Deutz Specification and Application
    Table 160. Deutz Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 161. Deutz Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 162. Deutz Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 163. FPT Industrial Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 164. FPT Industrial Specification and Application
    Table 165. FPT Industrial Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 166. FPT Industrial Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 167. FPT Industrial Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 168. Eaton Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 169. Eaton Specification and Application
    Table 170. Eaton Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 171. Eaton Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 172. Eaton Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 173. Allison Transmission Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 174. Allison Transmission Specification and Application
    Table 175. Allison Transmission Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 176. Allison Transmission Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 177. Allison Transmission Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 178. Bonfiglioli Construction Equipment Transmission Corporation Information
    Table 179. Bonfiglioli Specification and Application
    Table 180. Bonfiglioli Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 181. Bonfiglioli Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 182. Bonfiglioli Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 183. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
    Table 184. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
    Table 185. Construction Equipment Transmission Distributors List
    Table 186. Construction Equipment Transmission Customers List
    Table 187. Construction Equipment Transmission Market Trends
    Table 188. Construction Equipment Transmission Market Drivers
    Table 189. Construction Equipment Transmission Market Challenges
    Table 190. Construction Equipment Transmission Market Restraints
    Table 191. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
    Table 192. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
    Table 193. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
    Table 194. Asia Pacific Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
    Table 195. Latin America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
    Table 196. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
    Table 197. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
    Table 198. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
    Table 199. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
    Table 200. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
    Table 201. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
    Table 202. Research Programs/Design for This Report
    Table 203. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
    Table 204. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
    Figure 1. Product Picture of Construction Equipment Transmission
    Figure 2. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2028
    Figure 3. Automatic Transmission Product Picture
    Figure 4. Manual Transmission Product Picture
    Figure 5. Other Product Picture
    Figure 6. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2028
    Figure 7. Construction Lifting Equipment
    Figure 8. Construction Transport Equipment
    Figure 9. Construction Excavation Equipment
    Figure 10. Other
    Figure 11. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
    Figure 12. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) (2017-2028)
    Figure 13. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) & (2017-2028)
    Figure 14. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 15. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 16. China Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 17. Japan Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 18. Construction Equipment Transmission Production Share by Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 19. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 20. Construction Equipment Transmission Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
    Figure 21. Global Market Construction Equipment Transmission Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 22. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue in 2021
    Figure 23. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Figure 24. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 25. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 26. China Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 27. Japan Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 28. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Figure 29. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 30. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 31. Canada Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 32. U.S. Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 33. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 34. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 35. Germany Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 36. France Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 37. U.K. Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 38. Italy Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 39. Russia Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 40. Asia Pacific Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 41. Asia Pacific Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2021
    Figure 42. China Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 43. Japan Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 44. South Korea Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 45. China Taiwan Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 46. Southeast Asia Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 47. India Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 48. Australia Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 49. Latin America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 50. Latin America Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 51. Mexico Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 52. Brazil Construction Equipment Transmission Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
    Figure 53. Production Market Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Type (2017-2022)
    Figure 54. Production Market Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Type in 2021
    Figure 55. Revenue Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Type (2017-2022)
    Figure 56. Revenue Market Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Type in 2021
    Figure 57. Production Market Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Application (2017-2022)
    Figure 58. Production Market Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Application in 2021
    Figure 59. Revenue Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Application (2017-2022)
    Figure 60. Revenue Market Share of Construction Equipment Transmission by Application in 2021
    Figure 61. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Construction Equipment Transmission
    Figure 62. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Construction Equipment Transmission
    Figure 63. Construction Equipment Transmission Industrial Chain Analysis
    Figure 64. Channels of Distribution
    Figure 65. Distributors Profiles
    Figure 66. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
    Figure 67. North America Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 68. Europe Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 69. China Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 70. Japan Construction Equipment Transmission Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 71. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Construction Equipment Transmission (2017-2028) & (K Units)
    Figure 72. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
    Figure 73. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
    Figure 74. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Production Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
    Figure 75. Global Construction Equipment Transmission Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
    Figure 76. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
    Figure 77. Data Triangulation